Petroleum Products QC

Difference between Colourless and Straw yellow Jet A-1 properties As given in  last blog article normally colour of Jet A-1  is either colourless, straw/yellow or a very little shade of blue, pink or red. Reason for each colour was explained in the article. Colour of Aviation turbine fuel depends upon a) composition of crude oil & 2) Refinery processes used in refining the crude.  (Read in detail  How the Aviation turbine fuel colour is colourless or straw/Yellow? ) . In this article we deal with differences between Colourless and straw yellow coloured fuel properties. 1.  Straight Run product   Straight run product is referred as Jet A-1 obtained straight from Atmospheric distillation unit in refinery or derived from natural Gases condensate liquids. Such Jet A-1 consist of natural original hydrocarbons of crude oil or  natural Gases condensate liquids as existing in the earth and separated from it by only physical processes. Since no chemical reaction

How the Aviation turbine fuel colour is colourless or straw/Yellow? As given in last blog article normally colour of Jet A-1 is either colourless, straw/yellow or a very little shade of blue, pink or red. Reason for each colour is explained in this article. Colour of Aviation turbine fuel depends upon a) composition of crude oil & 2) Refinery processes used in refining the crude. Composition of Crude : Any given crude oil consists of besides hydrocarbons, varying amount of Sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen attached hydrocarbons like: Sulphur compounds:     Dimethyl sulphide, Phenyl mercaptan, Cyclohexylthiol, Thiophene, Benzothiophene etc. Nitrogen compounds:        Carbazoles, indoles, benzcarbazoles, pyrroles, pyridines, quionlines, phenazines, dibenzofuran etc Oxygen compounds : Phenols, Amides, Ketones, Benzofuran, Cresylic acid, Aromatics acids etc The hydrocarbons having Sulphur, Nitrogen, Oxygen from crude are usually brown to red colour.   A

What is colour of Aviation turbine fuel (Jet A-1) normally? Aviation turbine fuels are undyed products not like Aviation Gasoline or Motor gasoline which is dyed with artificial colours as per the specification depending upon the respective grades. Thus, Jet A-1 colour is natural as it come out of crude oil refining and normal colour can be one of the following: 1)     Colourless: There is no colour at all, appears like water colour, it is called colourless or water-white. 2)     Straw/yellow Colour: Sometimes Aviation turbine fuel colour is straw/yellow – mild to little darker straw/yellow. 3)     Light Pink or Blue or Red:   Rarely Aviation turbine fuel colour is having a very light shade of Pink, Blue or Red colour. How the Aviation turbine is of specific colour either colourless,straw/Yellow or having very light shade of Pink, Blue or Red colour ? -    read the next article.   Also read -  Difference between Colourless and Straw

Aviation fuels - Test classification remembering Oil industry in India stipulate various classification of group of tests naming Alphabetically like Test A, Test B etc. These are defined in Aviation product Quality Control Manual (AQCAM) at various stages of product manufacturing to Aircraft refuelling. An easy way to remember various alphabetical tests associated to respective stages are tabulated below which field officers handling product will find very useful. Above may be useful as training material. Visit to my blog  https://rjpatelioc-petroleum.blogspot.com  for similar other work related to Petroleum Product QC. List of all blog articles on Petroleum QC  by RJ Patel.

What are Characteristics  of Jet A-1 Aviation Turbine Fuel  Specification ? What is expected function of Aviation Turbine fuel in aircraft fuel System ?    What is composition of Aviation Turbine fuel?  what other safety aspects and other characteristics are inbuilt in Aviation Turbine fuel manufactured as per Specifications like Def Stan 091-91 or ASTM D 1655? Aviation Turbine fuel Jet A or Jet A-1  consist of thousands of  C8 - C16 hydrocarbons with traces of Sulphur, Nitrogen, Oxygen and permitted additives.  Different batches of Jet A-1 have different composition based on source crude Oil and Refining processes used to produce them. Hence, it is said that JEt A-1 specifications are performance specification and not the composition specification.  Following presentation may be useful in answering above questions: Above slides may be useful for training Purpose. List of all articles on Petroleum QC upto 06 Apr 2019 by author. Author's Profile

R J Patel  Petroleumqc Blogger Profile Internet site :   https://rjpatelioc.wixsite.com/petroleumqc Email : rjpatelioc2014@gmail.com Twitter : @RJPATEL13 WhatsApp Number:   Former QC Head of Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, Mumbai B.Tech (Chem. Engineering), 34 years with Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Jun 1980 to Oct 2014. Out of this 23 years at HQ, contributing in framing petroleum QC policies at National level, with Oil Industry thru BIS, Civil and Defence Aviation- Government of India, Ministry of Petroleum etc. Exposer to Petroleum Product Quality Control thru Petroleum products Laboratories managing, Petroleum Storage Locations, Controlling Office working.  Overseen 51 Petroleum labs - construction, equipment purchase,  commissioning, recruiting lab personnel, training, accreditation ISO 9001 and NABL ISO 17025.  Product Quality failure investigations from Refineries to petroleum consumers.  Petroleum Technical committee member of BIS-India, ASTM D02 USA,  ISO TC-28

British Airways BA-038 Heathrow Accident – Lessons Learned - Part 9 On January 17, 2008, a British Airways 777-236ER equipped with Rolls Royce RB211 Trent 800 engines, landed short of runway 27L at Heathrow International Airport. The airplane was operating as Flight 38 from Beijing to London with 136 passengers and 16 crew members on board. The airplane impacted the ground short of the runway, skidded in the grassy area and came to rest at the end of the runway. This resulted in substantial structural damage but there was no fire. Safety Assumptions: Fuel system design features would prevent formation of ice in quantities that could adversely affect engine operation.    But reality was not so.   The British Air Accidents Investigation Board (AAIB) determined that the most likely cause of the accident was a fuel flow restriction on both engines, resulting in a significant thrust loss during final approach. The fuel flow restriction was concluded to have been the result o

British Airways flight BA -038 and water/Ice beheaviour in Jet Fuel & cause of accident  part 8 BritishAirways flight BA-038 accident and Aircraft Jet A-1 fuel System - part 5 of earlier blog describe various components of Boeing 777 on accident flight. The aircraft fuel tanks, fuel boost pumps, water scavenge pumps, Fuel Oil Heat Exchanger (FOHE) etc are shown in detail. Anaccident detail of BA-038 at Heathrow Airport is given in part 1 . This article gives Water behaviour in Aviation turbine fuel related to the accident flight. Results of laboratory testing   and experiments conducted as a part of Investigation  and cause of accident - are as follow: Aviation Turbine Fuel-Water Properties Aviation turbine fuel consist of a mixture of different hydrocarbons. Depending on the hydrocarbon mix, each property such as specific heat and freezing point can vary from batch to batch.. Aviation turbine fuel is manufactured at the refinery to a specification that defines 30